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The December Constitution (German: ''Dezemberverfassung'') is a set of six acts that served as the constitution of the Cisleithanian half of Austria-Hungary. The acts were proclaimed by Emperor Franz Joseph on December 21, 1867 and functioned as the supreme law of the land until the collapse of the empire in 1918. Five of the Constitution's acts were replaced by the Federal Constitutional Law between 1918 and 1920; the sixth law, a bill of rights, is still in force. ==Content== The December Constitution consists of *a law expanding the powers of the Imperial Council;〔(Gesetz vom 21. December 1867, wodurch das Grundgesetz über die Reichsvertretung vom 26. Februar 1861 abgeändert wird ); RGBl. 141/1867〕 *the Basic Law on the General Rights of Nationals (''Staatsgrundgesetz über die allgemeinen Rechte der Staatsbürger''), a bill of rights;〔(Staatsgrundgesetz vom 21. December 1867, über die allgemeinen Rechte der Staatsbürger ); RGBl. 142/1867〕 *the Basic Law Establishing a Supreme Court of the Empire (''Staatsgrundgesetz über die Einsetzung eines Reichsgerichts'');〔(Staatsgrundgesetz vom 21. December 1867, über die Einsetzung eines Reichsgerichts ); RGBl. 143/1867〕 *the Basic Law on the Judiciary (''Staatsgrundgesetz über die richterliche Gewalt''), a law establishing an independent court system;〔(Staatsgrundgesetz vom 21. December 1867, über die richterliche Gewalt ); RGBl. 144/1867〕 *the Basic Law on the Executive (''Staatsgrundgesetz über die Ausübung der Regierungs- und Vollzugsgewalt'');〔(Staatsgrundgesetz vom 21. December 1867, über die Ausübung der Regierungs- und Vollzugsgewalt ); RGBl. 145/1867〕 *the Delegation Law, a law regulating relations between the Cisleithanian and Transleithanian legislatures.〔 *(Gesetz vom 21. December 1867, betreffend die allen Ländern der österreichischen Monarchie gemeinsamen Angelegenheiten ); RGBl. 146/1867〕 The Basic Law on the General Rights of Nationals is a bill of rights stipulating, among other things, equality before the law for all the empire's ethnicities (articles 1, 2, 3, and 19), the end of all forms of serfdom (art. 7), freedom of the press (art. 13), freedom of religion (articles 14 and 15), freedom of assembly (article 12), and secrecy of correspondence (art. 10). It also established a limited form of due process; under the Basic Law, a person could not be arbitrarily deprived of the freedom of their person (art. 8), their property (art. 5), or the inviolability of their home (art. 9).〔 The Basic Law of the Judiciary stipulated the separation of administration and judiciary and the independence of the courts. It also guaranteed the right of the people to participate in the administration of criminal justice; serious crimes would from now on require trial by jury. Last but not least, the Law established a system administrative courts, making executive acts of government subject to judicial review.〔 The Delegation Law affirmed and ratified, for the Cisleithanian party to the conflict, the main outcome of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867: Cisleithania and Transleithania would act as a single monolithic entity for the purposes of international law; they would have a joint diplomatic service, a joint foreign office, and joint armed forces. Otherwise, the Kingdom of Hungary would be a fully independent separate country.〔 The remaining laws dealt mainly with procedural details and miscellanea such as the immunity of Imperial Council delegates. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「December Constitution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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